1) Definition (CUET-ready)
Tragedy is a dramatic and literary mode that represents serious human conflict and suffering, typically leading to:
- downfall,
- catastrophe,
- and a recognition of limits (moral, social, existential).
In classical terms (Aristotle):
- tragedy is an imitation of a serious action with magnitude,
- arousing pity and fear,
- accomplishing catharsis.
2) Aristotle’s framework (high-yield)
A) Hamartia (often simplified as “tragic flaw”)
A mistake/error in action or judgement that contributes to downfall. CUET sometimes uses “tragic flaw” as shorthand—understand it as more than a personality trait.
B) Peripeteia
Reversal of fortune.
C) Anagnorisis
Recognition (discovery of truth).
D) Catharsis
Purgation/purification of emotions (pity and fear) through tragic experience. Interpretations vary, but CUET often expects this core.
3) Tragedy vs related forms (MCQ traps)
Tragedy vs Comedy
- Tragedy: irreversible catastrophe.
- Comedy: non-catastrophic resolution/reintegration.