1) What “Theories” means for CUET PG
CUET PG usually tests translation/comparative “theory” in two ways:
- concept-to-definition: terms like equivalence, domestication/foreignisation, skopos, polysystem.
- application-to-scenario: given a translator’s choice, identify the underlying theory/strategy.
This module gives you a theory-map with exam-friendly clarity.
2) Key Translation Studies theories (high-yield)
A) Equivalence-based approaches (classic baseline)
Older models often assume translation aims at “equivalence” between ST and TT:
- formal equivalence: closer to ST form/structure,
- dynamic/functional equivalence: closer to effect on audience.
CUET trap: students think equivalence means “perfect sameness.” In theory, it is a goal orientation, not a guarantee.
B) Skopos theory (purpose-based)
Skopos (Greek: “purpose”) argues:
- translation choices should be guided by the purpose of the target text in the target culture. So, a children’s edition, a legal document, and a literary translation may legitimately differ.
CUET scenario cue:
- if the translator adapts aggressively because the target audience needs accessibility → skopos logic.
C) Polysystem theory (literature as a system)
Polysystem theory views translated literature as part of a literary “system” with:
- centre vs periphery,
- dominant vs marginal forms. When a target culture’s literature is “young” or undergoing change, translations may move to the “centre” and shape local writing.