1) Imperialism: strong definition (CUET-ready)
Imperialism is a system in which a powerful state extends control over other regions through:
- formal empire (direct colonies)
- informal empire (economic domination, political influence, unequal treaties)
- ideological-cultural dominance (civilizing mission, racial hierarchies, knowledge control)
Key CUET distinction:
- Colonialism = direct rule.
- Imperialism = broader domination (direct or indirect).
2) Major explanations of imperialism (what you must know)
(A) Economic explanations
Imperialism is linked to:
- industrial capitalism’s need for:
- raw materials
- markets
- investment outlets
- control over trade routes and strategic commodities
(B) Political-strategic explanations
Imperial rivalry encourages:
- territorial acquisition to block rivals
- securing sea lanes, ports, and frontier buffers
- military bases for global power projection